The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven research into advanced materials for energy storage and conversion. Conventional materials often face limitations such as low surface area, poor tunability, and limited mechanical stability. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their polymer-based hybrids offer a versatile solution. MOFs provide high surface area, tunable porosity, and multifunctional properties, making them suitable for batteries, supercapacitors, gas adsorption, and photocatalysis.

Polymers add flexibility, chemical tunability, and processability, enhancing mechanical stability and interfacial compatibility in MOF hybrids. These polymer–MOF materials synergistically combine MOF porosity and activity with polymer conductivity and resilience, improving ionic/electronic transport, cycle stability, and structural robustness. Applications include gas storage and separation (H₂, CH₄, CO₂), energy storage, energy conversion (fuel cells, photocatalysis), and catalytic processes.

Despite their promise, challenges remain in long-term stability, scalable synthesis, reproducibility, and intrinsic MOF conductivity. Future directions focus on flexible/wearable devices, solid electrolytes, 2D or layered MOFs, green synthesis, and multifunctional hybrids. Addressing these challenges will enable polymer–MOF hybrids to become key materials for sustainable, high-performance energy technologies.