This study explores the transformation of the family institution under the influence of modernity and examines how this transformation has illuminated the fundamental distinctions between secular family theories and the Islamic conception of family. The emergence of modern values such as rationalism, individualization, freedom, and consumer culture has redefined the family, reducing it from a sacred and enduring institution to a contractual arrangement grounded in individual consent and self-interest. The process of secularization has further reshaped the family into a transient, pragmatic, and rights-oriented structure, detaching it from its traditional foundations of social solidarity, moral responsibility, and divine reference. In contrast, Islamic thought conceives of the family not merely as a biological or legal union but as a sacred institution rooted in divine will, morality, and accountability. Based on the principles of the Qur’an and the Sunnah, the Islamic perspective envisions the family as a holistic system that preserves the equilibrium between the individual and society while being guided by the values of love, compassion, and justice. The study argues that the divergence between these two paradigms extends beyond observable social practices and is anchored in profound ontological and epistemological foundations. Ultimately, Islam’s responsibility-centered model of the family offers an alternative framework for sustaining social cohesion and moral continuity in contrast to the individualistic orientation of modern secular paradigms.