In the early years of the Republic, physical education and sports were considered as one of the fundamental tools supporting not only physical development but also social transformation and ideological structuring. In line with the Republican ideology, physical education was integrated into the education system to foster discipline, patriotism, and a modern citizen consciousness. With the 1924 Primary Education Program, physical education became compulsory, and lessons  were structured with activities encompassing both health and military content. An approach that supports mental and social development, based on John Dewey's suggestions, is also reflected in the lessons. The Physical Education Branch, established within the Gazi Education Institute to meet the need for physical education teachers, ensured the academicization of this field. Through community centers, sports were brought to rural areas, fostering a sports culture across all segments of society. With the Physical Education Law of 1938, the institutional foundation of sports was laid and it was brought under state control.. Throughout this process, physical education and sports were shaped as a concrete component of the Republic's goal of a modern individual and a strong society.