This research examines the historical transformation of the approach to measurement and evaluation in physical education and sports in Turkey, from the proclamation of the Republic to the present day, within the framework of the National Ministry of Education (MEB) curricula. A document analysis used to examine this evolution across four key curriculum periods (1924-1948, 1948-1987, 1987-2007, 2007-2018, and present day). The findings reveal a significant paradigm shift. In the initial period, assessment methods were predominantly subjective, focusing on discipline and citizenship education. This was followed by an era emphasizing standardized test batteries, norm-referenced evaluation, and athlete selection. Post-2007, a health and lifelong sports orientation emerged, leading to the adoption of multifaceted measurement tools. The most recent updates in 2018 and beyond have culminated in the adoption of a competency-based, multidimensional assessment approach aimed at holistic student development. In conclusion, the research demonstrates that measurement and evaluation in Turkish physical education and sports have undergone a profound transformation, shifting from a discipline-oriented framework to a learner-centered approach that prioritizes the comprehensive development of the individual.