In the early 1990s, with the contributions of environmental civil society organizations, biologists, and social scientists, the concept of biopiracy gradually gained prominence. Particularly, developing countries that serve as "providers" of biodiversity, genetic resources, and traditional knowledge, have brought the issue of biopiracy to the forefront in international agreements and negotiations. On the other hand, developed countries with advanced biotechnology sectors, acting as "users" of genetic resources or traditional knowledge, have faced accusations of biopiracy. The lack of a clear definition of the concept of biopiracy in international agreements, coupled with its complex and overlapping components, has led to various issues. This situation has also influenced the development of policy approaches related to biopiracy. This study examines the emergence of the concept of biopiracy, its key elements, biopiracy incidents, and the relationship between this process and international agreements. The following sections discuss the conceptual debates on biopiracy in Turkey. While the literature on biopiracy in Turkey is limited, recent years have seen significant developments and new approaches, including interdisciplinary contributions.