This study provides an in-depth analysis of technology integration in mathematics education, focusing on digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI). Grounded in pedagogical models such as TPACK, constructivist, and contextual learning theories, the chapter explores how digital tools can be effectively embedded in teaching practices. It highlights the educational contributions of tools like dynamic geometry software, virtual manipulatives, personalized learning platforms, and AI-powered assessment systems. Moreover, it critically examines the opportunities and risks of digitalization, particularly within the context of remote and hybrid learning, while discussing key issues such as digital inequality, teacher competencies, and data security. Balancing practical insights with theoretical depth, the chapter offers actionable recommendations related to teacher training, infrastructure development, and ethical policy design. Ultimately, the integration of AI and digital technologies—when aligned with pedagogical principles and implemented thoughtfully—holds the potential to enhance learning processes and empower teachers, making mathematics education more adaptable, inclusive, and future-oriented.