With the development of internet and computer technologies, the transition of the traditional public sphere to virtual platforms has been shaped around discourses of freedom that enable ideal public sphere dynamics such as inclusivity, openness, and action, thereby dismantling the one-sided hegemony of mass media. The fundamental belief that alternative and multi-counter publics would create environments conducive to negotiating the common good, in opposition to the hegemonic domination of sovereign publicness, has suffered a post-digital collapse due to the development of web technologies, the increase in users on social media platforms, and economic and political developments that have radically reconstructed inequality. This is because the normative conception of the public sphere, particularly in the post-digital era, has been paralysed by the epistemic fluidity that has become apparent and the regimes of visibility dictated by platform architectures, preventing the public sphere from functioning as a democratic agora and giving rise to a new informational order.

These new forms of information flow, unprecedented in the historical process of mass communication, have today brought about the problem of disinformation, which occupies the top of the global risk hierarchy at both the micro and macro levels. The digital age, in which the internet experience has developed, has given rise to a multi-layered, intricate structure under the variable structural constraints of user motivations, social belonging, individual interests, and social media platforms, thereby necessitating the classification of forms of information disorder. In particular, the implicit control and structural determination of the natural information flow system, enabled by platform architectures that provide suitable environments for algorithmic steering, filter bubbles, echo chambers, SEO, trolls, and bot accounts, can catalyse the viral spread of disinformation. on the other hand, by enabling political, economic, and digital powers to create various manipulations through provocative rhetoric centred on misinformation, it can be argued that they cloud social perception.

This study aims to develop a holistic and dialectical perspective on the factors affecting the misinformation ecosystem in light of the theoretical discussions and empirical findings in the relevant literature, and to show how the social and institutional conditions that determine the circulation of truth claims are reproduced in different contexts. In line with this analysis, it proposes the development and use of interface mediation mechanisms that increase the inter-public permeability of digital public spaces as an egalitarian and negotiation-friendly common ground; the institutionalisation of transparency and accountability in governance processes; the strengthening of procedural safeguards in content interventions; developing interface mediation mechanisms that increase inter-public permeability, and establishing pedagogical arrangements that support the transformation of users from passive consumers to public subjects bearing epistemic responsibility.