This book is a comprehensive collection of original research by different scholars to understand the increasingly complex economic dynamics in today's world. Important macro-level issues such as economic growth, macroeconomic performance, foreign trade, renewable energy, foreign direct investment, informal employment and volatility in foreign exchange markets are addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective through both theoretical and empirical approaches.

In the first section, the relationship between defense expenditures and economic growth is analyzed with long-run data for countries with high defense expenditures and the effects of these expenditures on macroeconomic balances are evaluated. In the following section, Türkiye's macroeconomic performance for the 2007-2023 period is analyzed using integrated multi-criteria decision-making models to identify the country's economic vulnerabilities and strengths.

In another Türkiye-specific study, the pressure of informal employment on the social security system and its contribution to macroeconomic instability are analyzed and protective and preventive policy recommendations are developed. In parallel, the relationship between the human development index and macroeconomic performance is evaluated with hybrid decision-making techniques, emphasizing that human welfare should be measured not only by economic indicators but also by multidimensional parameters.

In the two chapters on energy-economy-environment interaction, on the one hand, the link between FDI, economic growth and renewable energy consumption is examined, and on the other hand, the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth and its reflection on CO₂ emissions are analyzed. In this context, the importance of energy policies compatible with sustainable development goals is emphasized.

In the last part of the book, the effects of foreign exchange markets on foreign trade and balance of payments are discussed within the framework of exogenous shocks such as global inflation, pandemic and exchange rate volatility, and the direct and indirect effects of these variables on economic growth are analyzed.

These studies, which are prepared in the context of both Türkiye-specific and comparative country analyses, not only contribute to the academic literature but also develop practical recommendations for policymakers. Each chapter in the book is prepared with scientific rigor and offers valuable implications for both theory and practice through analyses supported by up-to-date data. In this respect, the book is a reference source for students, researchers and public decision makers and makes an important contribution to the understanding and solution of current macroeconomic problems.