Offering Alternatives Instead of Planning in Management
Chapter from the book: Mücevher, M. H. (ed.) 2025. Paradigm Shifts in Management and Organization - 2.

Zeynep Kuh
Trakya University
Derya Dinçer Gültekin
Trakya University

Synopsis

This study addresses the rising importance of offering alternatives instead of traditional planning in contemporary management, where uncertainty has become a defining characteristic of organizational environments. While classical planning models operate through fixed objectives and linear strategies, their rigidity renders them ineffective in dynamic and unpredictable contexts. In this regard, Mintzberg’s distinction between deliberate and emergent strategies, Simon’s bounded rationality theory, and Kahneman and Tversky’s heuristic decision-making models offer a strong theoretical foundation for developing flexible and context-sensitive strategies. Strategic agility, leadership alignment, resource reconfiguration, and environmental responsiveness emerge as key dimensions that enhance the organization’s capacity to generate viable alternatives. Through practical cases such as Amazon’s “Two-Way Doors” strategy, Toyota’s Kaizen philosophy, and scenario-based governance models during the COVID-19 crisis, the study examines how alternative-based approaches are implemented in real-world organizations. The findings suggest that offering alternatives is not merely a tactical adaptation but a structural shift that promotes organizational learning, inclusiveness, and strategic coherence. This approach transforms planning into a responsive and participatory process. The study concludes by recommending further comparative empirical research across industries to explore the applicability of this model. Ultimately, offering alternatives in management is conceptualized as a forward-looking and resilient decision-making paradigm that goes beyond the limitations of rigid planning.

How to cite this book

Kuh, Z. & Dinçer Gültekin, D. (2025). Offering Alternatives Instead of Planning in Management. In: Mücevher, M. H. (ed.), Paradigm Shifts in Management and Organization - 2. Özgür Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub790.c3334

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Published

June 26, 2025

DOI