In an era where scientific knowledge is expanding rapidly and technological advancements continue to redefine boundaries, the interaction between disciplines has become more essential than ever. Science and mathematics lie at the heart of this interaction, serving as complementary foundations for understanding nature, modeling processes, and developing innovative solutions.

This book brings together original and contemporary research from various branches of science and mathematics. Each chapter integrates methodologies and findings from mathematics, chemistry, biology, and engineering, demonstrating the strength of interdisciplinary knowledge in advancing scientific understanding. In this respect, the volume aims to provide new perspectives and insights for academics, researchers, and graduate students working within these dynamic fields.

I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all the contributing authors and researchers for their valuable efforts, and I hope that this work will make a meaningful contribution to the scientific literature in the fields of science and mathematics.

Editor
Prof. Dr. Femin YALÇIN KÜÇÜKBAYRAK